ISO/TR 11941

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ISO/TR 11941:1996 (Information and documentation — Transliteration of Korean script into Latin characters) is a Korean romanization system used in International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is not commonly used, but is used in character names in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.

The standard was withdrawn in December 2013.

Transliteration rules

Consonants

Hangul	Latin
Hangul	Method I (North Korea)	Method II (South Korea)
?	k	g
?	kh	k
?	kk	gg
?	t	d
?	th	t
?	tt	dd
?	p	b
?	ph	p
?	pp	bb
?	c	j
?	ch	c
?	cc	jj
?	s
?	ss
?	h
?	'/ng^[a]
?	n
?	r/l^[b]
?	m

Vowels

Hangul	Latin
?	a
?	eo
?	o
?	u
?	eu
?	i
?	ae
?	e
?	oe
?	ya
?	yeo
?	yo
?	yu
?	yae
?	ye
?	wa
?	weo
?	wi
?	wae
?	we
?	yi

Apostrophe

An apostrophe is used for resolving ambiguity. It is used in the following cases.

Both Method I and Method II:
- When ? appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. ??? anc'ara/anj'ara)
- When ?, ?, ?, ?, or ? appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. ?? a'kka/a'gga)
Method I only:
- When ?, ?, ?, or ? appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. ??? ae'thata)

In fact, the above rules are always applied; they are applied even when there is no ambiguity (e.g. ?? a'i, ?? hyin'tteok/hyin'ddeog).

In character names in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646

In Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646, both Method I and Method II are used for character names.

Method I: characters in the Hangul Jamo and Hangul Compatibility Jamo blocks (e.g. U+1103 ? HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT (??), U+3148 ? HANGUL LETTER CIEUC (??))
Method II: characters in the Hangul Syllables block (e.g. U+AF43 ? HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOC)

As an apostrophe is not allowed in character names, apostrophes are always omitted. For example, ??? is yes'i'eung in ISO/TR 11941, but YESIEUNG in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g. U+114C ? HANGUL CHOSEONG YESIEUNG).

Notes

^ Not transliterated word-initially, ' (apostrophe) as a syllabic initial (always, except word-initially; e.g. ?? a'i), ng as a syllabic final (e.g. ? pang/bang).
^ r as a syllabic initial, l as a syllabic final (e.g. ? reul).

External links

ISO/TR 11941:1996

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[1] Not transliterated word-initially, ' (apostrophe) as a syllabic initial (always, except word-initially; e.g. ?? a'i), ng as a syllabic final (e.g. ? pang/bang).

[2] r as a syllabic initial, l as a syllabic final (e.g. ? reul).

[a]

[b]

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