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Malayalam numerals are the numeral system of the Malayalam script used by Malayalam in Kerala. It is one of several Indian numeral systems. This system is archaic and nowadays the Hindu–Arabic numeral system is used commonly.[1] However it is still found in many documents of cultural or historical importance.
Base numbers
[edit]Below is a list of Malayalam numerals with their Hindu–Arabic equivalents as well as their respective Malayalam translations and transliterations.[1]
| Malayalam numeral | Hindu–Arabic numeral | Malayalam word | Romanization of Malayalam | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? | 0 | ?????? | pūjya? | /pu:d??j?m/ |
| ? | 1 | ????? | onn? | /on?n???/ |
| ? | 2 | ????? | ra??? | /??????/ |
| ? | 3 | ?????? | mūnn? | /mu:n?n???/ |
| ? | 4 | ???? | nāl? | /n??:l??/ |
| ? | 5 | ????? | a?j? | /??d????/ |
| ? | 6 | ??? | ā?? | /?:r??/ |
| ? | 7 | ??? | ē?? | /e:???/ |
| ? | 8 | ????? | e??? | /e????/ |
| ? | 9 | ?????? | ombad? | /omb?d???/ |
| ?/?? | 10 | ????? | patt? | /p?t?t???/ |
| ?/??? | 100 | ???? | nū?? | /n?u:r??/ |
| ?/???? | 1000 | ????? | āyira? | /?:ji??m/ |
| ? | 1?4 | ??? | kāl | /k?:l/ |
| ? | 1?2 | ?? | ara | /???/ |
| ? | 3?4 | ??????? | mukkāl | /mukk?:l/ |
| ? | 1?8 | ??????? | arakkāl | /???kk??l/ |
Originally, a number like "11" would have been written as "??" and not "??" to match the Malayalam word for 11 and "10,00,000" as "???" similar to the Tamil numeral system. Later on this system got reformed to be more similar to the Hindu–Arabic numerals so 10,00,000 in the reformed numerals it would be ???????.[2][3]
Old system
[edit]| 11 | 20 | 21 | 30 | 110 | 10,099 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ?? | ?? | ??? | ?? | ?? | ????? |
Suppose the number is "2013". It is read in Malayalam as "???????????? ?????????" (ra??āyiratti padimūnn?). It is split into:
- ????? (ra???) : 2 - ?
- ????? (āyiram) : 1000 - ?
- ????? (patt?) : 10 - ?
- ?????? (mūnn?) : 3 - ?
Combine them together to get the Malayalam number ????.[3][2][1]
Fractions
[edit]In Malayalam you can transcribe any fraction by affixing (-il) after the denominator followed by the numerator, so a fraction like 7?10 would be read as ?????? ??? (pattil ē??) 'out of ten, seven' but fractions like 1?2 1?4 and 3?4 have distinct names (ara, kāl, mukkāl) and 1?8 (arakkāl) 'half quarter'.[1][how do you write fractions other than ?, ? like 7?13 in the old and new system?]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Alex, Shiju (22 August 2013). "????? ????????". ??????????? (in Malayalam). Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Numbers in Malayalam". omniglot.com. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ a b "Numbers in Malayalam | Learn Malayalam numbers 1-100, 1000,... - Learn Entry". Retrieved 1 March 2022.